What it is
Section 301 tariffs are import duties levied by the U.S. government under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974. This section authorizes the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) to investigate and take action against foreign countries' unfair trade practices that burden or restrict U.S. commerce. Such practices can include intellectual property theft, forced technology transfer, or discriminatory regulations. The USTR can recommend tariffs, quotas, or other trade restrictions to the President to pressure the offending country to change its policies.
These tariffs gained prominence during trade disputes, particularly when the U.S. imposed significant duties on various goods from China, citing intellectual property theft and other unfair practices. News coverage often focuses on the USTR's investigations, lists of targeted products, and the economic impact on both U.S. importers and consumers, as well as the exporting country. Companies monitor these tariffs closely for their impact on supply chains, input costs, and potential for retaliatory measures from affected nations.
Why it matters
These tariffs can increase costs for imported goods, impacting consumer prices and corporate profits. They also contribute to trade tensions, affecting market stability and global growth prospects.
Reviewed under editorial standardsUpdated September 26, 2026Not investment advice