Glossary · Elections

Ballot measure

A ballot measure is a proposed law, constitutional amendment, or bond issue that voters directly approve or reject in an election.

What it is

Ballot measures, also known as propositions or questions, allow citizens to directly participate in lawmaking. They can be initiated by citizens through petitions (initiatives) or referred to voters by state legislatures (referendums). These measures cover a wide range of topics, from tax increases and infrastructure projects to social policies like cannabis legalization or minimum wage adjustments. They bypass the legislative process, giving voters a direct say.

Ballot measures frequently appear on state and local election ballots, often alongside candidates for office. They can have significant economic impacts, such as approving billions in bonds for public works, increasing taxes on businesses, or regulating industries. Investors monitor ballot measures, particularly those in key states, for potential effects on specific sectors, property values, or the overall business environment.

Why it matters

Ballot measures can directly create laws and policies that impact your local economy, taxes, and specific industries, affecting your investments.

Reviewed under editorial standardsUpdated September 26, 2026Not investment advice