BEIJING — Zhu Rongji, the former Chinese premier who steered the nation through rapid economic change and global integration, died Wednesday in Beijing. He was 97.
Zhu served as vice premier and premier between 1991 and 2003, holding the top leadership role from 1998 to 2003. His tenure coincided with the 1997 Asian financial crisis and a period of domestic inflation that reached 27 percent.
He initiated sweeping reforms of state-owned enterprises, a process that led to widespread job losses across the country. He also overhauled the tax system and tightened control over China's financial sector.
A key achievement of his tenure was securing China's entry into the World Trade Organization, making the country an integral part of the global economy.
Zhu's reforms propelled rapid economic growth that continued, with some moderation, until the housing market began to crash in 2021. Economists often credit his policies with laying the groundwork for China's modern economy.
Known for his direct and determined approach, Zhu earned nicknames such as "iron-face Zhu" and "crisis manager" for his resolve in pushing through difficult reforms and managing external shocks.
At a 1998 press conference, Zhu pledged his commitment to the nation's future. "Regardless of what lies ahead — be it a minefield or a deep abyss — I will forge ahead unswervingly, dedicating my entire life and energy to the country until my dying day," he said.
Despite his efforts, some of Zhu's promises did not fully materialize. Critics said he was not an unabashed economic liberalizer, and his vows to clean out corruption and ease burdens on farmers saw limited success.
Zhu served under President Jiang Zemin during his time as premier. He is survived by his wife and their two children.
